Name Jacob Epstein (1880-1959)
Born New York, USA
Died London, England
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Sculptor Jacob Epstein was born into a relatively prosperous family of Russian/Polish-Jewish immigrants in New York City, USA on 10 November 1880, but as a teenager rejected the Orthodoxy of his upbringing. From 1893–98 he attended classes at the Art Students' League and was inspired by the multicultural communities around him. After spending the winter of 1899–1900 cutting ice in New Jersey, he turned to sculpture, working in a bronze foundry (1901–2). On the proceeds of his first professional commission to illustrate Hutchins Hapgood’s The Spirit of the Ghetto (1902), he sailed to Europe. In Paris he studied at the École des Beaux-Arts (1902–3) and the Académie Julian (1903–4), sharing the appreciation of artists including Picasso and Modigliani, for Indian and West African art traditions.
Epstein moved to London in 1905 and in 1907 he received his first major British commission, creating 18 nude sculptures for the facade of the British Medical Association Building (now Zimbabwe House) on the Strand. This commission, like many of Epstein’s other early works, was highly controversial and criticised as indecent. Epstein’s second public commission to carve Oscar Wilde’s tomb for Père Lachaise cemetery, Paris (completed in 1912), directly inspired by Assyrian sculpture in the British Museum, abandoned the conventional figure and proved equally controversial. A champion of direct carving, he was also associated with the short-lived Vorticist group, co-curated the so-called 'Jewish Section' at the Whitechapel Art Gallery's 'Review of Modern Movements', with David Bomberg in 1914, and was a co-founder of the London Group. During the First World War, Epstein was conscripted into the Jewish 38th battalion of the Royal Fusiliers in 1917 but was discharged, without seeing active service following a breakdown in 1918.
Epstein's work often challenged prevailing notions of sexuality and beauty and favoured the non-European model. He had solo shows at the Leicester Galleries in 1917, 1920, 1924, 1939 and 1950, a retrospective at Tate in 1952. His public commissions continued to attract controversy including the carved relief Rima (1924–5, Hyde Park), a memorial to the naturalist and author W. H. Hudson, and the monumental figure groups, Night and Day (1928–9), for Charles Holden's London Underground headquarters, and later monumental carvings including Genesis (1930), Ecce Homo (1934–35), and his autobiographical Jacob and the Angel (1940-41, Tate). However, his portrait heads, usually cast in bronze, were always in demand. Epstein also painted in watercolour and gouache, and his scenes of Epping Forest were frequently exhibited in Leicester Galleries, London. He exhibited in group shows at Ben Uri Gallery from 1934 onwards, and was Patron of the Ben Uri art Society in 1936–37. During the Second World War was commissioned by the War Artists’ Advisory Committee to execute six portrait busts including one of Winston Churchill. Epstein was knighted in 1954.
Epstein completed his large bronze Bowater House group for Edinburgh Gate, Knightsbridge (1958–9) on the day that he died in London, England on 21 August 1959; he was buried in Putney Vale cemetery. A posthumous exhibition of bronzes was held at Ben Uri Gallery in November 1959. In 1980, his centenerary year, restropsectives were held at Ben Uri Gallery, Birmingham Museum & Gallery and Tate. More than 300 of his works are in UK public collections including the Ben Uri Collection, the National Portrait Gallery, Tate and the V&A.
Date 1924
Object type sculpture
Medium bronze
Materials and techniques bronze (medium)
Dimensions 51 x 57 x 37 cm
Acquisition presented by Mosheh Oved c. 1946
Accession number 1987-89
Display status not on display
Samuel Alexander OM, FBA (1859 – 1938) was an Australian-born British philosopher and the first Jewish fellow of an Oxbridge college. He sat to Epstein for his bust in 1924 and it was cast in an edition of 2. This, the first cast, was presented by Moshe Oved to the Ben Uri and the second was presented in 1925 to the University of Manchester, where Alexander held his Professorship at Owens College.
1945
Exhibition of Portraits by Contemporary Jewish Artists
Ben Uri Art Gallery
1946
Selections from the Ben Uri Permanent Collection of Paintings, Sculpture & Drawings
Ben Uri Art Gallery
1946
Recent Additions to the Permanent Collection and Works by Pissarro, Liebermann, Epstein, Modigliani, Chagall
Ben Uri Art Gallery
1954
Exhibition of Jewish Art
Hove Museum of Art
1956
Fortieth Anniversary Exhibition: Selected Works by Artists Exhibited over the Past Forty Years
Ben Uri Art Gallery
1959
Sir Jacob Epstein: Exhibition of Bronzes
Ben Uri Art Gallery
1960
Selections from the Permanent Collection
Ben Uri Art Gallery
1980
Epstein Centenary 1980: Bronzes, Drawings and Watercolours
Ben Uri Art Gallery
2003
The Search for Identity: Immigrant Artists in Early Twentieth-century British art
Doncaster Museum and Art Gallery
Walter Schwab and Julia Weiner, eds., Jewish Artists: the Ben Uri Collection - Paintings, Drawings, Prints and Sculpture (London: Ben Uri Art Society in association with Lund Humphries Publishers Ltd, 1994), p. 38.; R. Buckle, Jacob Epstein (London, 1963) p. 142.
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